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Equity - Alahtab

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Did anyone print this question by any chance? I just have quick question about the fourth question. It used 12% growth rate for the FCFE. Where did that 12% come from? Thanks!

I posted a part of the question below

Alahtab uses the Gordon growth model to estimate CRN’s intrinsic value. He uses the firm’s sustainable growth rate for 2013 as a measure of dividend growth. Using the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), he arrives at 11% as the required rate of return on the stock.

Jatin disagrees with Alahtab’s preference for the Gordon growth model. He thinks that CRN’s stock should be valued using sophisticated techniques that correctly account for the huge increase in revenues expected over the next four to five years. In particular, he suggests a couple of two-stage valuation models- the H-model and the free cash flow to equity (FCFE) model. Upon a closer examination of the data and expectations of high growth from the increased tourism and transportation on the revitalized Cuyahoga River, Jatin suggests that Alahtab incorporate the following as inputs into his H-model and FCFE model computations:

·         A growth rate of 20% per year over the next four years (2014 through 2017) and a 6% constant growth rate beyond 2017

·         An estimate of FCFE of $0.96 per share for 2014

·         The addition of a small-firm risk premium of 2% to the rate of return on the stock

·         A tax rate of 35%



4 of 6

Using Jatin’s 2014 estimate for FCFE per share and his other suggested inputs for growth and required return on the stock, the intrinsic value of CRN’s stock as of 2013 is closest to:

$21.27.

$17.37.

$19.15.

 

Incorrect.

 

2014

2015

2016

2017

FCFE per share for the year

$0.96

(Jatin’s est.)

$0.96(1.2) 
= $1.15

$0.96(1.2)2 
= $1.38

$0.96(1.2)3 = $1.66

Present value (2013) of FCFE and total value2014

$0.96/$1.13  = $0.85

$1.15/$1.132 
= $0.90

$1.38/$1.133 
= $0.96

$1.66/$1.134=$1.02;

 

25.13/1.63=$15.42

V0 as of 2013

$0.85 + $0.90 + $0.96 + $1.02 + $15.42 = $19.15

 


Asset turnover for ROE Confusion

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A question on a mock threw me

There was a question that gave a balance sheet and asked which of the elements (net profit margin, asset turnover and leverage) contributed to an increase in ROE.

I thought this was an easy question when answering it but got it wrong! 

In the answer Asset turnover has used sales/assets but then put the workings next to it as sales/total liabilities and equity

 Leverage has taken assets/equity but used assets/total liabilities and equity also.

why is this the case? I just worked this out as sales over the total assets in balance sheet and leverage as assets/equity 

Also, something I probably should know but have never questioned is why do balance sheets typically show a line for equity and liabilities combined?

Put - call parity + BSM

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Hi Guys,

Long time without posting here! I hope everyone is doing well.

I do not understand when I have to use the normal Put call parity (the one with X/(1+r)t ) or the BSM (basically the same but with the interest continuously compounded (et).

I’ve been using the 1 one for all the problems until a couple of ones in the last mock exam with Kaplan and I do not understand why we are using that one.

My guess is we are talking about for example a option call over a stock (use the normal parity) or for a call option over a future (use BSM)

Most probably I am completely wrong…

Could someone help me?

Thanks

S

Rate change Impact on FX

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Does an increase in interest rates in a country usually appreciate that countries currency as the inflow of foreign investment boosts demand for the home nation currency?

Why in Uncovered Interest Rate Parity why does a higher interest rate lead to a depreciating currency? 

Economics quantity of material to value

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I tried to go over all the descriptive stuff tonight. All the long run equilibrium fx models. The capital account adjustments. The Dornbusch overshooting model, I literally cant look at this anymore. Economics is horrendous value in terms of material to value.

What’s everyones strategy for this?

I am going to do:

FX transactions (carry Triangular arb)

All the parity relationships

Mundell Flemming Table

The different output theories (NC, C, Endogenous etc)

Club convergence

and then just ignore the rest (except for a brief skim) 

DV vignettes with swap value calculations

GAAP vs. IFRS PERIODIC PENSION COST

Final week perception

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Is it me, or you are still making many guesses at mocks? I remember in Level I mocks I can pin down or streamline a system for FRA and there is no way for me to do that in Level II, there are simply too much stuff. I wonder if thats dangerous. also I spend 10-20 extra min in every session morning and afternoon, I wonder do you guys calculate time by now for each case? FRA cases in Schwser def takes more time, is there a strategy say some of you spend 20 min on fra and equity cases and 15 on derivative or econ cases?

So far I have done 4 Schwser mocks will finish the next two next three days, my score rose from 54% to 72% today during last 6 days, but I feel like it is so unstable and I can bomb anytime if I am in bad luck. My derivatives continue to be below 50% this is super frustrating, any advise?

Also more importantly, how you guys avoide totally burn out, I finished mock 1 pm and I cant do anything anymore, I took 7 hours off, i wonder if I will get better tmr. Any burnt out guide?


Equity Schweser

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Has anyone done Residual Income from Scweser. It seems like how it caluclates terminal value in residual income valuation id different from how it is calculated in CFA cirriculum.

For instance if RI is forecasted for next five years then in shweser it calculates terminal value at the end of year 4 whereas in CFA cirriculum it calculates the terminal value at the end of year 5.

Two questions on fixed income securities

Currency Exchange Quotes: Offer

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Just to try to understand something on that could be basic.

When given a quote for say GBP/USD with a spread  0.6211 - 0.6250. In this case 0.6211 is the bid and 0.6250 is the offer. The dealer buys USD and sells GBP at 0.6250

There does not seem to be much said about use of the offer in my textbook and most examples only relate to the bid. 

To use the offer of 0.6250, where the dealer buys GBP and sells USD, do we then need to automatically take the reciprocal so we should be using 1/0.6250 = 1.6?

Foreign Exchange Parity Relations

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I have a feeling this has been discussed but does anyone have an easy way to identify which of the many relations are involved when a question asks?

ie the relations are:

  • covered interest parity
  • uncovered interst parity
  • international fisher
  • purchasing power parity
  • others?

Can be confusing when the question invovles multiple relations at the same time. 

Thanks in advance for the advise!

Minority Passive: IFRS and GAAP Classifications

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Seems like there a several names used so thought to clarify:

These are the main types of classifications. 

  • Held to Maturity
  • Available for Sale
  • Fair Value through Profit and Loss

Are the operational names the same for GAAP and IRFS?

I believe IFRS has a new standard and the above question relates to the old standard. 

New IFRS: 

  • amortised cost
  • fair value through OCI
  • fair value through profit and loss


Cash Flow Aggregate Accruals Formula

Positive Convexity: Bonds


higher inflation = lower justified P/E?

Working Capital: Interest Payable and Notes Payable

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Can someone please help to verify: 

Is interest payable considered a working capital item? Also is notes payable a working capital item?

I believe they aren’t working capital items as they relate to financing? Or is interest considered working capital while notes payable is not?  

Thanks!

Seriously, Exam Writers?

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Running through yet another mock today and feeling pretty good about things. Getting lots right and the ones I’m getting wrong are good learning experiences. 

Then I hit an equity question in the PM mock that made me question everything I’ve been doing for the past six months.

The first question in the problem set asks for the SGR. No problem - I know the formula for sustainable growth rate! Wait, retention ratio isn’t provided. No problem! I know how to calculate a retention ration from an income statement and there’s an income statement. Let’s get that SGR! Wait a minute, there’s no ROE. No problem - I love the DuPont equation! Let’s plug and chug, baby. 

Wait, my calculated SGR doesn’t show up in any of the answer options. Okay, don’t panic, probably made a mistake in the calculations, let’s try them again. Yes! silly error in the first term of the DuPont equation. Now we’ve got this. Let’s fill the bubble and move on.

F*%&! my answer still doesn’t match any of the answer options. WTH?

Okay, maybe I missed some key piece of information in the narrative. Nope, no relevant details in the narrative. Clearly one of my inputs isn’t right. Let’s have another look. They all seem pretty straight forward - dividends, net income, sales, assets….. Wait a sec - something weird going on with equity. Assets - liabilities doesn’t equal total equity provided. Hmm… that’s weird. Maybe I’m supposed to calculate equity. Nope, that doesn’t work either.

I’ll save you the pain of the remaining machinations and pretzels I turned myself in to trying to figure out how I could possibly not, after almost six months of studying, cramming, practicing, etc, etc, find the answer to this relatively straightforward question. If I couldn’t answer this one, what chance did I have on the tricky ones? Clearly, I’ve wasted hundreds of hours and thousands of dollars - I’m not cut out for this.

Finally (it was killing me) I had to check the answer key and found that the equity term in the DuPont equation was meant to be not the total equity (given) or the number calculated by subtracting liabilities from assets. NO, they wanted you to use “Common Shareholder’s Equity) - a number provided in the table, but not something I’ve ever seen used in DuPont before. 

So, to arrive at the right anser to this question (and get any credit at all), you have to know a) the SGR equation, b) how to calculate the retention ratio, c) the DuPont equation, AND that “equity” in the DuPont equation may mean any of a variety of definitions of equity.   

CFA exam writers (mocks and the real things) belong in a special circle of hell. 


Binomial Stock Options Pricing: Call Options

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This seems a bit peculiar to me so would like to ask:

GIven a 2 period binomial tree for stocks, why is it that call option are only considered at the last nodes and not the interemediate nodes?

i.e. the call options are only considered at Node UU, Node UL and Node LL. The call options are not considered for Node U and Node L where their values are just the backward induction values but the values are not compared against the call option. 

This method appears to be different from the binomial model for bonds which considers the backward inducted value against the call option at the intermediate nodes?

Change in volatility relative shape of yield curve

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Hello,

In a flat yield curve environment, if interest rate volatility declines, the value of callable will rise while the value of putable will fall. 

I agree with the second part of the statement ‘ “the value of callable will rise while the value of putable will fall. “ 

But I dont know does the shape of yield curve will affect this decision rule or not?

Like for example if it will be downward or upward sloping does the relation as stated will vary?

Thanks

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